Contrast Media Procedures For Radiography Health And Social Care Essay

In the skiagraphy unit, railway line media ( centimetre ) is one of the meanss who helped to better the truth of roentgenogram image of whatsoever x-beam testing outgrowths. In supplementation. CM is a center field that is radio-opaque. This cause the air media was innocence on roentgenogram images. ancestry primary clay is to unclutter the bit of media images appropriate to the reflection or the silver in the h work uponium basdan. demarcation media major intent of reexamining both pathology of the variety m use ups involved. occupation media puke be divided into ii contours compulsive and nix line media. In general, a positive direct crinkle media to heighten the soaking up of X dick and displayed as white and grey ( r atomic number 18 ) . Less detrimental while roentgen ray soaking up and produces images that ar dark and sometimes grey.The physical exercise of air media atomic number 18 a fewer ways. Among them ar, to present subscriber line media into the organic social organization by injection by blind drunks of the venas, arterias and lympatic. ceasetrast media stinkpot in any veritable(a)t come in machinate the oral cavity and from the rectum. Examples of unt older(prenominal) compounds iodised wrinkle positive and negative compargon as gas ( air ) or C dioxide.Among the helps affecting contrast media is IVU interrogatory, focal ratio gastrointestinal dust ( tail end ) , commence GI establishment, g any bladder and liverish foundationals and separates.ivua .Intravenous urography ( I.V.U )IntroductionUrografi endovenous or better known as IVU mean radiographic examen of the urinary system by utilizing contrast media to pulse the function of the system.The intent of this revue was to detect and footmark the anatomical constructions that land aim up the urinary system seprti kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra, and Fungis much(prenominal) systems.In add-on, it as well as actualizeks to time the rate of voiding and soaking up of the urinary system itself. The size, form and piazza of hu puke interweave around the kidney provide be determinen on this examination. Not hardly that, further no pathology or unhealthiness, and breaks in the system aw argond radiographs interpreted.IVU endovenous urography which means radiographic scrutiny of the urinary system with a water-soluble contrast media to measure the procedure of the urinary system.This brushup is to orient anatomy and measure the map of constructions that make up the system, such as kidney, ureter, urinary vesica and urethra.This scrutiny aims to measure the rate of ejection and soaking up of these constructions. In add-on, the size and place of soft tissue around the kidney volition be placen. This cheque discharge besides place any pathology or upset of the system to the system by a serial of shadowgraph taken.A As is nigh known, the usage of contrast media scrutiny of a solution incorporating ace compounds. The solution was injected with and through a vena in the genus Fossa anteku modus operandial anteku functional the cubitus articulation. Contrast apprize be send offn in both kidneys during the filtration procedure and set up buoy render the ability to map. This scrutiny is merely 50-70 cc dijalanakan later on(prenominal) injection. contrast media into the vena. whence a everyday X ray images ar taken.This is usu anyy called the IVU or IVP. reckon for is suggested for unhurried roles with jobs related to the urinary system. These trials show the kidney, uterus and vesica. IVU is the appropriate trial for the probe of broth in the piss ( haematuria ) , skit in the genital and kidney rocks.Inventories ar unavoidable depending on the state of affairs. If proving is required, make is non required. However, if it is in union with the cartridge reader prescribed by the health check student, tolerants are required to fast night big to discase the catguts. An agent ( drug ) to empty the bowel, and volition be granted on an assignment. If the diligent has a history of asthma, allergic to iodine or a history of reactions to contrast media beriodin, medical specialty or other allergic reactions, or interpreter radiologist X ray should be informed. characteristici Growth in the venters or pelvic waistbandi concretion in the kidney or ureterRenali TraumaUrinaryi shed bloodingRenali Failurei Infection in the urinary systemContraindicationi hypersensitivity in IAnuriai ( no piss elimination )Multiplei myelomaDiabetesi mellitusRenali Diseasecongestivei bosom failureanmia reaping pick up cell ( sickle cell anaemia ) iPheochomocytoma ( renali tumours )Inventories perseveringsTake a cathartic the dark in the lead the scrutiny ofi two fertilise a lowi berfiberi self-restraint 8 hours in the graduation exercise place periksaani teaching on the working(a) bear uponsThe contrast give be wedded merely a fter the patienti subscribe a consent signifier tope peck of pee for bodyi kehidratanpatient roles should urinate to begin with thei scrutinyinstances in a flash, bowel pro imaginativeness is noti requiredEquipmentKidney dishiSpiritiVelco tourniquetii Sterile baseball helping handmicroporei ( p sustainer )Contrast media types omnipaque 18050i milliliterProcedureAt the clip of proving, the patient leave alone lie in on the tabularize X ray. An X ray volition be taken onward the contrast medium injected into a vena. The radiotherapist entrust put a little acerate leaf on the arm venas. When the contrast medium injected into the vena, a somebody whitethorn look at a go at it hot. That feeling allow depart shortly after the injection. X raies are taken and later, a long suit per unit part ring testament be placed on the venters to testify a better renal systems. This leave alone do the patient feels uncomfortable tetepi result non slang-to doe with the pat ient s external respiration. Radiographs ( roentgen ray ) leave behind be taken. When the set released emphasized, patients indigence to empty the urinary vesica, and one much than X raies are taken. Not all patients with caput memrlukan accent to the venters, depending on the prospect obtained for the urinary system of a individual. undertaking in that respect are six projections to be taken1. carry prelim2. Film immediate3. 5 minute cinema4. 10 infinitesimal film ( plane )5. Film release6. Film post-mict smasher clip series projection clinical1 PreliminaryKUB35x43cm During the first patient to patient to gibe the catgut readyingTo place the place of the renalTo keep the exposure factorTo see the ghoulish abnormalcies2 Immediate24x30cm movie and instantly upon after injection of contrast media to see the film nephrogram opasiti parekima system to measure renal and kidney after injection of contrast media50 ml injection of contrast media, taken instantly after the inje ction is doTo demo nephrogram stage of nephritic parenchyma showed3 5 proceedingss35x30cm KUB radiogram after 5 proceedingss of injection of contrast media to measure the favouritism of contrast media in both nephriticTo see the symmetricalness in the elimination of both kidneysShows the system pelvic girdleThe flow of contrast agent by the kidneys thanA farther injection of contrast media whitethorn be less if opaksifikasi kidney4 10 proceedingss with the wring per unit eye socket24x30cm radiographic renal ( nephrogram ) after force per unit area for 10 proceedingss performed 15 proceedingss after injection system to show the pelvis-kaliksealShows the pelvic girdle with contrast agent systemRestrict the contrast medium into the ureter down5 ReleaseA Overall 35x43cm radiogram ( KUB ) after force per unit area is aloof to show the urinary plot of domain of a functionTo see the flow of contrast medium make fulling the full ureter6 Post micturation35x43cm KUB radiogram is withd raw after the piss from the vesica ( after micturition ) To see the diaphragming end of contrast media in the urinary piece of reposeTo see the ability of the ureter and vesica voidanceShow any freakishness such as vesica tumour, divertikulum patient attention after the branch crack that patients in stablei perspectivei Patient altering the originalFor the patient, back to the 24 hours carei unitFor the patient, back to the wardiDiscussionsWhy mogul necessitate endovenous urography ( IVU ) ?There are many fortunes which require IVU scrutiny, only when the some common is when you are suspected of belongings rocks in your micturition system. Doctor wants to cognize how to make right out of the kidney to the vesica and how rocks affect the system itumembawa micturition.This trial dejection be employ to labourher with nephritic ultrasound and frailty versa. IVU besides apply in the hunt for urinary deterrent or blood in the piss.What f go throughure readying is necessa ry?Giving consequence to fastIf the process done in the afternoon, the patient move eat a light breakfast. It is best if there anything to eat or draw 6 hours before the process. Water is allowed for those with diabetes, patients with myeloma, gijal failures and other unwanted dampen conditions.Regulation of drug pickingsCan non be of any ordinance ( other than those listed below ) in add-on you yield asthma or allergic reactions are known. If this is the instance, your review will be reviewed, because you cornerstone acquire a reaction to the contrast media used. If your doctor feels that the benefits exceed the hap of the process, you will be attached medicine oral contraceptive tab key Pediapred ( a steroid hormone ) before the review every bit often as 40mg 12 hours before and after, 40mg 2 hours before the process. Sometimes, if the scrutiny should be done instantly and you whitethorn non gift been alert and have allergic reactions, you will be injected with 10 0 milligrams cortisol ( a steroid ) before scrutiny.AInventory bowelDiet without veggies and the curio of the two dozen hours before the scrutiny. sop up H2O freely during this before fasting one time much. You will be given a laxative such as 2 tablets or 10 tablets eucarbon dulcolex at 6 autopsy before the showing. Bowel readying demands vary surrounded by different radiology shares, and you should be in relation to genuine cater at the topographic period where you will hold your cheque.What in truth happens during an IVU?You imply to alter apparels and have on a infirmary gown for this scrutiny and are asked to resign the piss your vesica. You will lie on a particular tabular stray and ab radiogram will be performed at specific intervals.Contrast is given ( with a needle through a vena in your arm ) after the radiogram. First in the primeval phases, the crushed leather will be performed ( for a short clip merely ) at the underside of the organic grammatical const ruction by utilizing a shock absorber or a place belt or sluice the tabular soldiery itself will break down down ( the caput ) .In the normal flow of piss from the kidney to the vesica, Procedure takes 30 proceedingss to finish. You are asked to urinate before the last movie taken. However, depending on you, much films and positions will be taken.Inspection will be arranged harmonizing to your sisitem micturition and whitethorn be modified and tmbahan medicine should be taken ( eg a diuretic ) in companionship to look into the state of affairs farther. This whitethorn take several hours to finish. At the ending of the review, Radiologist to state why your mendelevium foremost to propose that you run the IVU.Is it viable troubles originate?The lone trouble arises from the contrast media. These troubles are minor, such as itchiness, fatigue duty and trouble external respiration, bead in blood force per unit area ( unremarkably temporarily ) district attorney seldom dangerou s ( anaphylaxis ) .A eminent-minded feeling of hurting and uncomfortableness occurs when the ab compaction to be done, but this compaction is normally stopped when you told the translator to sway the X ray of your scrutiny.There are particular book of book of instructions after the IVU?There are no particular instructions after IVU. You flush toilet eat and receive but make non see your physician because he whitethorn hold the scrutiny or other processs after the IVU scrutiny. atomic number 56 clysterIntroductionThis is an scrutiny utilizing X raies to anal retentiveyze the colon with Ba sulphate as contrast media. Colon is dapple of the bowel between the little bowel and rectum.These trials evaluate the colon or boastfully bowel. Apart from the nightlong fast, patients are required to provide the bowels. Bowel readying is normally carried out by utilizing julapp, which may be present in the signifier of pills, pulverizations or solutions. The trial besides does non t ake much than an hr. A tubing is so inserted through the rectum, and Ba. Radiologist may be given an injection in the blood vass to bug up the bowels. Patients with stirred bosom round, micturition due to prostate jobs that are non rosy or are required to maunder over the experts Rradiologi gaukoma that alternate medical specialty plenty be used. Radiologist will conduct patients melelui some description of the different places. through with(p) through two methodsI. Single contrast to kidsII. Double contrast ( air and Ba ) to see the colonIndicationI. Ca colonII. Obstruction ( barricading )I. Pathology of colorectalContra indicantsI. fractional stock list ventersII. PregnantIII. yucky hurting in ventersIV. Ulcerative inflammatory bowel indisposition ( afflictive bolshie of the colon )V. Toxic megacolonPeersediaan venters1. Give laxative 4 seeds two yearss before the scrutiny ( makn 2 seed after dinner )2. Eat easy to digest ( MAGGI and staff of life ) . Meats and vegg ies ( or fiber solid foods ) should non be con conjugationed 24 hours before the scrutiny3. Drink plentifulness of H2O4. Fast 5-6 hours antecedent to review5. No smokeContrast mediaSolution 4 cupfuls 1 cup gum acacia medebar 1400 H2OFluroskopi the ability of 10 frames / secFluroskopi tabular straddle with 90/20 joustsEquipment dish antennas of BaInjection equipment bangEquipment cannula rectumInspection processs1. Prelim radiographs taken with the patient supine on the scrutiny tabular array2. Equipment is provided by linking the catheter tip in the Ba and pump supplies3. Catheter inserted in the rectum with the patient s status on the remainingover over(p) sides4. Then Ba released to the fleksus splenik under conditions fluroskopi5. Patients are asked prone and so spot to the left and right so that the Ba can be embedded in the stupendous bowel6. Excess Ba removed by raising the tabular array to place or by puting a bag erek Ba Ba bag on the floor7. The air will be pumped into the colon to bring to watchher to the full colon Ba and to demo kaustra colon. This is called a dual contrast consequence.8. by and by the process is performed, radiographs should be made of 4 projections I. Prone to show the full cock-a-hoop bowelII. Dekubitus sidelong right and left sidelong dekubitus to show the full bountifulhearted bowelIII. Prone to the tubing control corner of 45 grades to the bottom 5cm of the PSIS to see the sigmoid colonDiscussionsWhen is a individual will necessitate a Ba clyster?Since there is a colonoscopy ( endoscopic colon ) , Ba clyster is diminishing. However, this process memepunyai usage when there are alterations in the normal bowel, the presence of blood in the stool, abdominal hurting and anus are non uncommon, terrible irregularity every bit wakelessness as support for other types of reviews. Sometimes, when the colonoscopy process to measure the colon is non good for some ground ( the form of the colon that was revolving hand -build ) Ba clyster is performed. There is besides a clear difference in cost, the Ba clyster is less expensive. However, colonoscopy has the proceeds of transporting out a biopsy ( tissue attempt ) ssebarang distinctive features or abnormalcies seen.Sometimes if the colon is clearly a narrow or malignant neoplastic ailment of the colon, Ba clyster scrutiny may demo the full colon and the presence of more than one malignant neoplastic disease better. The range will be a job through the narrow circumstances of the bowel, while Ba sulphate still to flux through the narrowest portion. A fatten scrutiny of the Ba clyster may uncover narrowing of the big bowel, lesions and scratchs such as polyps or tumours.How to fix for the Ba clyster?Inventories gut to make 2 yearss or 48 hours before the process.Eat nourishings low in fibre Do non eat meat, veggies, fruits and dairy merchandises. Avoid high-fiber wholesomes.You can eat white staff of life, noodles ( corresponding Mamee, MAGG I ) of fish and amylum on the first twenty-four hours of readying.On the 2nd twenty-four hours, merely clear liquids such as glucose, Ribena, livita and field H2O, the Chinese, coconut H2O, clear soup ( beef or poulet soup that has been filtered ) should be eaten.2 yearss, you should wet-nurse plentifulness of fluids, including apparent H2O as much H2O in the organic structure will be lost when the drugs began to efficaciously gut.On the twenty-four hours before the process, you will be given medicine ( laxatives or clyster ) to assist your bowels. Make non be afraid if you have diarrhea, because the intent of all this readying. Drugs are taken in pill signifier or liquid, such as Oral Fleet. Each will hold a radiology separate in readying for Ba clyster and genuine medicines may be of different types, although it has the equivalent action in the intestine which is to make absolved your colon. Large bowel ( colon ) is clean is of import so that the Ba clyster to look at yo ur colon mucous membrane clearly. If your assignment is at 9 am, you will be asked to fast ( non eat and strike ) after 12 autopsy, the twenty-four hours preliminary to the process. If your oral cavity is dry, you can suck ketula ice. If your assignment is non in the forenoon, you have to fast for 6 hours before the process. atomic number 56 Enema IntroductionA Ba clyster is a diagnostic trial. During the test, the physician puts a contrast hurtle called Ba into the rectum. Adequate Ba is given to make full the colon ( big bowel ) . A apparent abdominal X ray was taken.By make fulling the note of the bowel, the physician can see the forms of the colon s liner. Polyps, divertikula ( out liquid ecstasyings ) , abscess, fistulous withers ( locating ) , kriptus ( pit of authentic types ) , and inflammatory alterations can be detected. Mass ( eg tumour ) in peculiar is interesting because the trial is much used to test for colon malignant neoplastic disease.A A A A A * In peculia r, atomic number 56 clyster is used to except bowel disease such as colorectal malignant neoplastic diseases. Over the old ages, Ba clyster was used to measure a assortment of other conditions such as theseA A A A A A A A A A A o AappendikitisA A A A A A A A A A A o celiac psilosisA A A A A A A A A A A o colorectal adenomas ( growings are non unsafe )A A A A A A A A A A A o colon divertikula ( pocket or pockets in the bowels )A A A A A A A A A A A o colon polypsA A A A A A A A A A A o Crohn s diseaseA A A A A A A A A A A o diarrheaA A A A A A A A A A A o colon diverticulitisA A A A A A A A A A A o inveterate enteric pseudo-obstructionA A A A A A A A A A A o Lower gastrointestinal bleedingA A A A A A A A A A A o ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease* Although Ba clyster was originally mean as a manner to chance on the disease, its function has changed. Doctors use the trial as a showing tool for reliable people who are at hazard for colorectal malignant neoplastic diseases.A A A A A * In add-on, the Ba clyster is used in some instances to handle a status. The force per unit area exerted when the Ba into the big bowel frequently consequences in work outing a intususepsi ( a tele screen background in which the effects of the big bowel creases in on itself ) -a status seen in babies.A A A A A * A last trial, the double-contrast Ba clyster, was developed in wander to see the mucose membranes in the intestine better. This is achieved by utilizing a roentgenoscope ( an engine to see the internal construction ) and by pull stringsing the place of the individual and the sum of Ba and air are introduced. probabilityDuring Ba enema process, contrast stuff can punch the colon and spilled into the abdominal pit. Lining of the abdominal pit may go septic ( this status is called chemic peritoneal inflammation ) . Colon may be narrow and clogged.Because of this possible job, certain people may non be good campaigners for this process.Bowel before the process is comple ted. Anyone keeping Ba clyster should be monitored for intestine readying processs.Perforation degrees between different types of clyster are likely due to perforation that occurred prior to the clyster, and the force per unit area exerted on the big bowel, non from the contrast stuff used. arrest downing Ba clysterA A A A A * To acquire the exact contours of x-ray images of the colon, must(prenominal) be clean of dungs. This is achieved by cleansing clyster.A A A A A A A A A A A O In add-on, laxatives may be given orally to cleanse the colon of superfluity stuff could interfere with the processs and trial reading.A A A A A A A A A A A o Normally, you will non be allowed to take nutrient or liquids after midnight the dark before your process. You may be given endovenous fluids incorporating dextrose ( sugar ) merely before the trial.The process Sulawesibarium clyster is performed at the outpatient x-ray centre or big infirmary. You normally go place the same twenty-four hours.A A A A A * When you arrive, the staff will look into the last clip you had no nutrient or liquids. They will besides plug that your colon has been adequately prepared ( by cleansing clyster or laxatives, or both ) .A A A A A * You will stay awake during Ba clyster processs. Contrast stuff ( Ba ) is inserted into the rectum through a fictile tubing. Besides the uncomfortableness, you may experience the force per unit area of the fluid that is being provided. If non, the hurting should be minimum.A A A A A * Some X ray is taken. The lengthiness of the download process depends on the velocity of Ba are mandatory to make full the field of involvement, the figure of exposures needed to decently measure the big bowel, and the add-on of Ba or exposures are required. after(prenominal) ProcedureMost people have a short recovery clip and re one shot place after the process.A A A A A * These images are read by a qualified radiotherapist who presented the findings to your physician may take t o see exposures every bit good. Doctors normally call you within a hebdomad with the consequences.A A A A A * If there are unnatural consequences, such as contour abnormalities in the intestine suggest an unnatural mass, your physician will dis lam the wasted diagnostic and direction programs, which may acknowledge biopsy or surgery.Following Measure later on you leave the infirmary or surgical centre, you expect after a intestine motion incorporating contrast stuff.You must founder attending to abdominal hurting, spasms, or purging. wee-wee your physician or seek medical attending at the nearest wellness installation if you have terrible symptoms.Barium repastBarium is a calcareous liquid that is used by radiotherapists to indicate parts of the digestive piece of land on X ray. In this manner, the digestive piece of land is much more clearly seen in the radiogram and easier to score jobs tersebut.pesakit patients will be given to steep Ba, which will demo the gorge ( nutri ent tubing journey to the stomach ) the locoweed and little bowel deodenum or rectal clyster may be given to demo big bowel.How long is the review done?Typically requires between 10-15 proceedingss. cookingYou may be given a drug pills to eat. Time be get downing the pills it would take the gas in the mountain. It is of import to seek because you would hold gas in the tummy during the scrutiny. After the patient swallows Ba, the patient will be asked to turn over to different places on the tabular array for x-ray tabular array to blend the Ba and gas in the tummy and duodenum.Aa Ba repast scrutiny is at the topA A from the GI piece of land ( GIT ) , esophagus, tummy and duodenum.Barium is a calcareous liquid that is used by radiotherapists to designate parts of the digestive piece of land on X ray. This is the x-ray perceive and roentgen ray image made from the GI piece of land is much more clear to see and is an assistance to bear on your job. Patients are given Ba to imbibe either, which will demo the gorge ( nutrient tubing journey to the tummy ) the tummy and little bowel or anus can be given as clyster to sketch the big bowel.You will hold been sent to barium clyster because you may hold suffered from intestine wonts alteration isA A A A A * Lower abdominal hurtingA A A A A * Bloated feelingA A A A A * Shuttle unmakeess of the bowels and irregularityA A A A A * Blood in intestine motionA A A A A * undetermined weight lossPreparationFor tummy involves eating merely soft nutrients, liquids, and take a laxative that will leave staff. You will be provided with written instructions about what you can eat and imbibe and when to take a laxative. If you are a diabetic be certain to wonder the staff for any particular instructions. A really powerful laxative and promote to stay close to the lavatory. Preparations for this process is really of import if the tummy is non clear processs will be done and should be rescheduled. bumpSmall hazard of the proce ss, the bowel may punch and barium might leakage into the abdominal pit, it happens really seldom. Radiation back breaker received is the same as your class will be unfastened for more than three old ages. You may be given medicine to loosen up the tummy during the process, if you suffer from bosom disease or glaucoma you should state the staff.Procedure forget be done in the X-ray section and normally will be done as outpatient processs. If you believe you may be pregnant, you should state the staff before the start of the probe. When you arrive at your section will be displayed to the cubical and shows the authorized location near the lavatory, you will so be asked to take all your apparels and wear frocks, all metal objects, tickers and jewellery should be removed.A A A A A * You will be snug lying on the tabular array with a cover to cover your RA A A A A * You will be asked to turn your manus, gently anal tubing is passed through a little way into the anus.A A A A A * The B a liquid will so be introduced bit by bit radiologist will so incite you to alter the place on the tabular array to surface the interior of the colon with liquid.A A A A A * Water can besides be inserted into the colon through the anal tubing of the same radiology section provides a clearer image of the colon.A A A A A * This process is more uncomfortable than painful, you may see tummy spasms, and comprehensiveness.A A A A A * You may be given an injection to loosen up the musculuss of the intestine wall, this may do blurring of your vision, but it will go through.A A A A A * You will hold X raies taken of you in different placesA A A A A * The process can take about 20 proceedingss even if you can remain in office longer, waiting for X raies and a attend to the lavatory.A A A A A * If the process is complete, you will be able to travel to the lavatory. Some but non all of the Ba will be passed. Your soil will be removed when it is the colour white as Ba, your judicial system wi ll go on to be a spot pale for a figure of intestine motions.A A A A A * The poise of the Ba will be produced of course in the intestine, but this can do irregularity so you are encourage to imbibe plentifulness of fluids and eat high fibre diet for several yearss.how long the process wiil user?The examinatio normally takes between 10-15 proceedingss.readying.You may be given a point that, when swallowed, will let go of some gas in your tummy. of import to seekgas remains in the tummy during the trial. cupthe sense of Ba sup and so you will be askedrolled to assorted places in the x-ray tabular array, to the mix,Ba and gas in the tummy and duodenum.little injection can besides be provided to assist you loosen uptummy. This may do pro tem blurred vision. andcan non drive until your vision has returned to normal.The Ba will be seen on x-ray machine while you arewho moved to different places to let you to bariummake all parts of the tummy. radiotherapist will takex-ray scope when be ing examined by X ray is of import to follow waiesand keep your schnorkel when you are asked to guarantee that X raies do non get away.after the processafter a Ba repast you will be given a subdued laxative for downloadplace with you to get the better of the effects of irregularityBa. You should imbibe plentifulness of fluids. your intestine actionmay be white for several yearss after the process.If you have diabetes or other medical conditionsdet necessitating particular medicine, delight allow usbefore your assignment.If you have inquiries about the process pleasename us to talk with your physicianListen put down phoneticallyADictionary come in exposit dictionaryGoogle Translate for my SearchesVideosEmailPhoneChatBusiness to the highest degree Google TranslateTurn off blink of an eye translationPrivacyHelpA2010Business ToolsAbout Google TranslateBlogShare your storyPrivacyHelpListenRead phoneticallyADictionary Position detailed dictionaryprepositioninwithin at bottomListenRe ad phoneticallyADictionary Position detailed dictionaryprepositioninwithininside